Trapdoor constructions are an active research area in Multivariate Cryptography. The presented work studies trapdoors based on factor decomposition in algebraic structures, with emphasis on polynomial rings over . The main contribution is the formulation of a general property: if an algebraic structure admits a hidden factor decomposition then this property can be used as a trapdoor principle. Based on this approach, two constructions are given: one signature scheme and one encryption scheme.